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Mechanical / HVACaka: air source heat pumpaka: ground source heat pumpaka: ASHP

Heat Pump

In Plain English

An HVAC system that provides both heating and cooling by moving heat rather than burning fuel.

Definition

A reversible refrigeration system that can provide both heating and cooling by reversing the direction of refrigerant flow. In cooling mode, it operates as an air conditioner; in heating mode, it extracts heat from the outdoor air or ground and delivers it indoors. Heat pumps are highly efficient in mild climates because they move heat rather than generate it through combustion.

Why It Matters in Bidding

Heat pumps carry a higher equipment and electrical cost than a standard furnace-plus-AC split, so estimators must scope backup heat strips, larger service capacity, and balance-point controls that owners often overlook. With electrification incentives and code pressure driving heat pumps into more commercial and residential bids, accurately pricing them protects margin and avoids change orders when the design swaps gas heat for electric.

Example

An estimator bidding a multifamily renovation prices 60 ductless mini-split heat pumps and flags a $40,000 electrical service upgrade in the bid clarifications because the existing panel can't carry the added load.

Related Terms

CompressorRefrigerantSplit SystemMini-Split

Frequently Asked Questions

Beyond the condenser and air handler, account for refrigerant line sets, the electrical circuit and any service upgrade, a condensate path, supplemental electric strip heat, a smart thermostat, low-ambient controls in cold climates, and commissioning. Missing the electrical scope is the most common bust on heat pump bids.
Utility and federal incentives can offset equipment cost, but they usually flow to the owner, not the contractor. Estimators should price the full installed cost and let the owner claim rebates, noting in the proposal which equipment qualifies so the design isn't value-engineered into non-qualifying units after award.
Cold-climate models use inverter compressors and enhanced defrost, costing more per ton, and they typically require supplemental electric heat plus controls to manage the balance point. Estimators must also verify the electrical service can carry both the compressor and backup strips during the coldest design-day conditions.

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