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Electricalaka: panelaka: distribution panelaka: load centeraka: panelboard

Electrical Panel

In Plain English

The main distribution board where electricity from the utility is divided into individual circuits for the building.

Definition

The central distribution point for electrical power in a building, housing the main breaker and individual circuit breakers or fuses that protect and control branch circuits. Panels are rated by amperage capacity and number of circuits they can accommodate. They must be accessible and free of obstructions per the NEC.

Why It Matters in Bidding

The panel schedule and one-line diagram tell the electrical estimator how much gear, wire, and labor a project carries, so panel sizing, quantity, and feeder lengths are central to the takeoff. Long-lead switchgear and panelboards also affect procurement timing and cash flow, and NEC working-clearance requirements can drive architectural coordination that, if missed, becomes a costly field change.

Example

Taking off a tenant build-out, an estimator counts a new 200-amp subpanel with 42 circuits, prices the panelboard, breakers, and feeder run back to the main switchboard, and flags the long lead time so the PM can release the order early.

Related Terms

Breaker PanelCircuit BreakerService EntranceLoad Center

Frequently Asked Questions

Estimators read the panel schedule for amperage, voltage, phase, and circuit count, then price the panelboard, breakers, and enclosure accordingly. They add the feeder conductors and conduit from the source, plus labor for mounting, terminating, and labeling. The one-line diagram confirms how panels connect within the overall distribution system.
The NEC requires dedicated clear space in front of and around panels for safe access. If the architectural layout does not provide it, the panel must move, which can add wall framing, conduit reroutes, and coordination cost. Estimators who catch clearance conflicts during bid review avoid expensive field changes later.
Switchgear and large panelboards can carry long manufacturing lead times that outrun the construction schedule. Estimators flag this so procurement releases orders early, and they may carry escalation or expediting costs in the bid. Late panel delivery delays rough-in inspections and energization, putting downstream trades and project cash flow at risk.

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